UK watchdog Ofcom laid out plans to authorise the launch of direct-to-device (D2D) satellite services using terrestrial mobile spectrum in 2026, moving to update licensing frameworks in a bid to accelerate rollout.

Following a consultation earlier this year, Ofcom confirmed it will update MNO licence conditions to enable satellite connectivity for standard mobile devices. Since D2D connectivity is not covered by current exemptions, the regulator has proposed fresh rules to allow phones and other SIM-enabled devices to access satellite-based connectivity services in the UK.

The new framework will enable MNOs to request variations to their existing licences, authorising them to offer D2D connectivity in spectrum bands below 3GHz.

The regulator is now inviting operators to submit requests for these variations, alongside launching a fresh consultation on the proposed updates and device exemptions. Ofcom is seeking feedback on the proposal by 10 October.

“Subject to our consideration of the responses, and the timing of licence variation requests, our ambition is to facilitate the introduction of D2D services in the UK in early 2026,” the watchdog stated.

D2D deployments will be limited to the UK and its territorial waters, excluding the Channel Islands and Isle of Man. Operators will also need to coordinate with co-channel and adjacent spectrum users and may face additional restrictions to protect spectrum users in neighbouring countries.

Europe ambitions
While the regulator is pushing to be among the first in Europe to finalise a legal framework for allowing satellite services on standard consumer smartphones, launches will depend on operator readiness.

UK-based Vodafone is arguably leading the European push on D2D services, partnering with AST SpaceMobile earlier this year to form Luxembourg-based SatCo, a satellite joint venture aiming to support commercial direct-to-mobile services across the continent. The pair set their sights on a commercial launch in 2026.